Oghenerukevwe Ebireri

Leveraging blockchain for humanitarian aid delivery: Opportunities and challenges - An analysis of the feasibility and implications of using cryptocurrencies for aid

This dissertation explores the potential of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies to address challenges in humanitarian aid delivery. Through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews with sector experts, and analysis of two contrasting case studies - the UNHCR's blockchain-based cash assistance program in Ukraine and the use of cryptocurrencies during the #EndSARS movement in Nigeria - the research investigates how these technologies can enhance accessibility, transparency, accountability, and speed in aid delivery.

The study employs multiple theoretical frameworks, including Sen's Capability Approach, the Technology Acceptance Model, Amplification Theory, and concepts of resilience, to interpret findings and understand implications. Results indicate that blockchain and cryptocurrencies offer significant potential to improve various aspects of humanitarian aid delivery, including enhancing financial inclusion, facilitating rapid cross-border transactions, and supporting community-led initiatives.

However, the research also identifies key challenges, including technical barriers, regulatory uncertainty, and potential exacerbation of digital divides. The dissertation concludes by offering policy recommendations for the effective and ethical implementation of blockchain in humanitarian contexts and suggests areas for future research. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge at the intersection of emerging technologies and humanitarian aid, providing valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field.