The impact of Indonesia capital city relocation to the resilience of Jakarta
Does a major decision to relocate the federal government strengthen or weaken the resilience of a megacity? Capital city relocation is a common occurrence throughout history as an option to an overpopulated or threatened capital city. In the case of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital city, the relocation is intended to relieve the city’s burden. Therefore, the question serves as the basis of the resilience assessment under capital city relocation initiative. Using qualitative-abductive approach, which will include a literature review, interviews, and enhanced Driver-Pressure-Impact-State-Response (DPSIR) framework analysis, this research investigates the potential impacts of the relocation. First, the current state of Jakarta’s resilience is assessed. The assessment identified the focal points of Jakarta urban resilience, as well as how the city perceives and practises the concept. The findings from literature and interviews suggest that the current state of resilience is focused on mitigating the risks in 3 main sectors: water, land-use, and transportation. Following that, sectoral network mapping was carried out using the DPSIR framework and the findings. As a result, the interactions between elements in Jakarta’s resilience system were revealed. Third, expected and unexpected potential changes were identified, they were incorporated into the system, and the network was then analysed. Finally, potential impacts result from the interaction of introduced changes to the networks. The result shows improvements are displayed in the transportation sector, where public transportation has been transformed and on the right track to achieve sustainability. However, this study also finds economic resilience as one of the main goals of the city. The goal led to the city’s likelihood of entrusting the private sector with shaping the city, despite the negative consequences of worsening systemic issues in the water and land-use sectors. Green space, government-owned water supply, and improving equal access were identified as critical leverage points to improve the city's resilience